Miklat

Buildings with Mamad (%)

Percentage of buildings with a mamad by construction year and geographic region.

By Construction Year

Before 1992
0%
1992-2000
35%
2000-2010
78%
2010-2020
95%
2020+
99%

By Region

Center

52%

North

38%

South

41%

Jerusalem

35%

Key Facts

  • The Protected Spaces Law was enacted in 1992 after the Gulf War
  • 56% of Israeli apartments were built before 1992 and lack a mamad
  • Approximately 1.67 million apartments in Israel have no mamad
  • In new buildings (post-2020) — nearly 100% include a mamad

Source: Home Front Command, local authorities